Ernest Fritzevich Appoga (russian: Эрнест Фрицевич Аппога, lv, Ernests Apoga; 1898 – November 28, 1937) was a Soviet general and revolutionary who was given the position of

Komkor (russian: комкор) is the abbreviation for Corps commander (russian: командир корпуса, komandir korpusa; ), and was a military rank in the Soviet Armed Forces of the USSR in the period from 1935 to 1940. It was also the d ...

on November 11, 1935. He was born in present-day Latvia. He fought in the

Russian Civil War {{Infobox military conflict , conflict = Russian Civil War , partof = the Russian Revolution and the aftermath of World War I , image = , caption = Clockwise from top left: {{flatlist, *Soldiers ...

in the

Soviet Red Army The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army (Russian: Рабо́че-крестья́нская Кра́сная армия),) often shortened to the Red Army, was the army and air force of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic and, afte ...

. He was a recipient of the

Order of the Red Banner The Order of the Red Banner (russian: Орден Красного Знамени, Orden Krasnogo Znameni) was the first Soviet military decoration. The Order was established on 16 September 1918, during the Russian Civil War by decree of t ...

and the Order of the Red Star (1936). During the

Great Purge The Great Purge or the Great Terror (russian: Большой террор), also known as the Year of '37 (russian: 37-й год, translit=Tridtsat sedmoi god, label=none) and the Yezhovshchina ('period of Yezhov'), was Soviet General Secret ...

, as a part of the so-called " Latvian Operation", he was arrested on either May 22 or 23, 1937 and executed on either 26 or 28 October in

Moscow Moscow ( , US chiefly ; rus, links=no, Москва, r=Moskva, p=mɐskˈva, a=Москва.ogg) is the capital and largest city of Russia. The city stands on the Moskva River in Central Russia, with a population estimated at 13.0 millio ...

. He was rehabilitated in 1956.

Biography

He was born in 1898 in Libau,

Governorate of Livonia The Governorate of Livonia, also known as the Livonia Governorate, was a Baltic governorate of the Russian Empire, now divided between Latvia and Estonia. Geography The shape of the province is a fairly rectangular in shape, with a maximum ...

Russian Empire The Russian Empire was an empire and the final period of the Russian monarchy from 1721 to 1917, ruling across large parts of Eurasia. It succeeded the Tsardom of Russia following the Treaty of Nystad, which ended the Great Northern War. ...

. He became a member of the

Bolshevik Party " Hymn of the Bolshevik Party" , headquarters = 4 Staraya Square, Moscow , general_secretary = Vladimir Lenin (first)Mikhail Gorbachev (last) , founded = , banned = , founder = Vladimir Lenin , newspaper ...

in 1917. Until 1917 he worked as a machinist polisher at factories in Libau, Petrograd, Lysva. A participant in the February and

October October is the tenth month of the year in the Julian and Gregorian calendars and the sixth of seven months to have a length of 31 days. The eighth month in the old calendar of Romulus , October retained its name (from Latin and Greek ''ôc ...

Revolutions, a member of the

Red Guard Red Guards () were a mass student-led paramilitary social movement mobilized and guided by Chairman Mao Zedong in 1966 through 1967, during the first phase of the Cultural Revolution, which he had instituted.Teiwes According to a Red Guard le ...

, was elected to the Council of working deputies. During the Civil war, he fought against the forces of Kolchak and Denikin. He held the posts of Commissar Cherdynsky Krai, Commissioner of the Ural Military District headquarters, Commissar 38th Rifle Division, Chief of Staff of the 9th Kuban Army. From June to July 1920, he was chief of staff of the 10th Army. After the end of the Civil War, the Assistant Chief of staff of the

North Caucasian Military District The North Caucasus Military District was a military district of the Russian Armed Forces, which became in 2010 the Southern Military District and lately also included the Black Sea Fleet and Caspian Flotilla. It comprised the Republic of Adygeya, ...

, chief of staff, 37 Novocherkassk Rifle Division. Since March 1923-assistant commander of the 9th Don Rifle Division. In 1924, he graduated from the higher academic courses at the Military Academy of Army. From May 1924, he was the head of the training department of the Army. From November 1924, he was an assistant inspector for-training. Since March 1925-Chief of the

Moscow Military District The Order of Lenin Moscow Military District was a military district of the Soviet Armed Forces and the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. The district was awarded the Order of Lenin in 1968. In 2010 it was merged with the Leningrad Military D ...

. In 1925-1927, he was a member of the basic faculty of the Military Academy of M. Frunze. Until April 1928, he was at the disposal of the General Directorate of Army. From April 1928 to July 1930, he was secretary of the regulatory meetings of the USSR Labour and Defence Council. In 1930-1937, the head of the 3rd Directorate (department) of the Headquarters (General Staff) army is the chief of Military Communications Army. Since March 1933 he served as chief of the Department of Military Communications at the Army Military Transport Academy. Member of the military council in the People Defence of the USSR. He lived in Moscow at: Potapovskij Alley, House 9/11, apartment 87. Arrested on either May 22Жертвы политического террора в СССР
/ref> or May 23 of 1937 on charges of "participating in the fascist-Soviet military conspiracy and sabotage". The Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR, on November 28 (or November 26) of 1937, sentenced him to be shot, which was carried out the same day at the

Kommunarka shooting ground The Kommunarka firing range (russian: Расстрельный полигон «Коммунарка»), former dacha of secret police chief Genrikh Yagoda, was used as a burial ground from 1937 to 1941. Executions may have been carried out th ...

. On April 18, 1956 he was posthumously rehabilitated by the Military Collegium.

Awards

(February 20, 1928) * Order of the Red Star (1936)

References

Bibliography

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Appoga, Ernest 1898 births 1937 deaths Military personnel from Liepāja People from Courland Governorate Old Bolsheviks Soviet komkors Latvian revolutionaries Soviet military personnel of the Russian Civil War Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner Latvian Operation of the NKVD People executed by the Soviet Union by firearm Members of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union executed by the Soviet Union Great Purge victims from Latvia Soviet rehabilitations